Which is Better to Live: Switzerland or Canada for Your Ideal Lifestyle?
Which is Better to Live: Switzerland or Canada?
Deciding between Switzerland and Canada for your next home is a monumental decision, one that can profoundly shape your quality of life. As someone who has delved deeply into comparing these two remarkably distinct, yet equally desirable nations, I can tell you there's no single, universal answer. It truly hinges on what you prioritize most. Are you craving unparalleled natural beauty and a slower pace, or do you yearn for vast landscapes and a more accessible cost of living? My personal journey has involved extensive research and countless conversations with individuals who have made the leap to either country, and the overarching theme is clear: each offers a unique brand of paradise, catering to different dreams and aspirations.
At its core, the question of which is better to live, Switzerland or Canada, boils down to a trade-off between European charm and North American expanse, meticulous order and friendly informality, and a highly regulated, high-cost environment versus a more diverse, more affordable, though perhaps less polished, experience. Let's break down the key factors that will influence your decision.
The Unparalleled Appeal of Switzerland
Switzerland. The very name conjures images of snow-capped Alps, pristine turquoise lakes, charming cobblestone villages, and an almost unbelievable sense of order and efficiency. For many, it represents the pinnacle of European living, a country that has seemingly perfected the art of balancing economic prosperity with an exceptional quality of life. When people ask, "Which is better to live, Switzerland or Canada?" and their mind immediately goes to Swiss precision and natural splendor, it's easy to understand why.
My initial impression of Switzerland was one of awe. It’s like stepping into a postcard that’s somehow come to life. The air feels cleaner, the trains run with astonishing punctuality, and the overall tidiness is remarkable. This isn’t just superficial; it permeates every aspect of Swiss society.
Cost of Living: The Elephant in the Room
Let’s address the most significant consideration for anyone contemplating a move to Switzerland: the cost of living. It is, without question, one of the highest in the world. Rent in major cities like Zurich or Geneva can be astronomical. A modest one-bedroom apartment outside the city center might easily set you back $2,000 to $3,000 USD per month, and that's before utilities, which are also quite expensive. Groceries, dining out, and even everyday items are priced at a premium. For instance, a loaf of bread can cost upwards of $4-$5, and a simple meal at a casual restaurant could easily be $30-$50 per person.
This high cost is, of course, directly correlated with the exceptionally high salaries and the robust economy. While you will undoubtedly spend more on daily expenses, the earning potential in Switzerland is also remarkably high, particularly in sectors like finance, pharmaceuticals, and engineering. The key is not just earning a good salary, but earning a salary that significantly outpaces the cost of living for your specific lifestyle. For instance, an IT professional in Zurich might earn upwards of $100,000 to $150,000 USD annually, which, while still requiring careful budgeting, can provide a comfortable life.
Work-Life Balance and Social Culture
Despite the demanding work environments in some sectors, Switzerland is renowned for its excellent work-life balance. The standard workweek is typically 40-42 hours, and paid vacation is generous, usually starting at four weeks per year, often increasing with seniority. The Swiss deeply value their free time, and you’ll find that after-work hours and weekends are dedicated to family, hobbies, and enjoying the stunning natural surroundings. This is a significant factor for many when weighing, "Which is better to live, Switzerland or Canada?" as the emphasis on personal well-being is palpable.
The social culture can be a bit more reserved than in North America, especially compared to the famously friendly Canadians. Building deep friendships can take time and effort. The Swiss are generally polite, punctual, and value privacy. While they are not unfriendly, breaking into established social circles might require patience and consistent engagement in local activities. However, once you gain their trust, you’ll find them to be incredibly loyal and dependable friends.
Healthcare System: A Model of Excellence
Switzerland boasts one of the most advanced and efficient healthcare systems globally. It is a mandatory, universal health insurance system, meaning every resident must have private health insurance. Premiums vary based on age, location, and chosen coverage, but on average, a single adult might pay between $300 and $500 USD per month. While this might seem steep, it covers comprehensive care, including doctor visits, hospital stays, prescription drugs, and preventative treatments. The quality of care is exceptional, with highly trained professionals, state-of-the-art facilities, and minimal wait times for appointments and procedures. This is a huge draw for individuals and families who prioritize top-tier medical access.
Education System: Rigorous and Reputable
The Swiss education system is highly regarded for its quality and rigor. Public schools are free and provide an excellent education, with a strong emphasis on academic achievement and vocational training. For higher education, Switzerland is home to some world-class universities and technical institutes, particularly in fields like engineering and hospitality. The education system is designed to prepare students for success in a competitive global market, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills from an early age.
Safety and Security: Unmatched Peace of Mind
Switzerland consistently ranks among the safest countries in the world. Crime rates are extremely low, and the country is known for its political stability and neutrality. You can walk through cities and villages at any hour with a profound sense of security. This inherent safety contributes significantly to the overall quality of life and peace of mind for residents. This is a crucial element for many when contemplating, "Which is better to live, Switzerland or Canada?"
Natural Beauty and Outdoor Activities: A Dream for Nature Lovers
The natural beauty of Switzerland is, frankly, breathtaking. From the majestic Alps offering world-class skiing, hiking, and mountaineering to the serene lakes perfect for swimming and boating, outdoor enthusiasts will find their paradise here. The infrastructure for outdoor activities is superb, with well-maintained trails, efficient public transport to mountain resorts, and a general culture that celebrates nature. Seasonal activities are a way of life, and the stunning landscapes provide an ever-present backdrop for a fulfilling life.
Environmental Consciousness: A Sustainable Future
Switzerland has a deep commitment to environmental protection and sustainability. Recycling is ingrained in the culture, public transportation is highly efficient and widely used, and there's a strong emphasis on preserving the pristine natural environment. This focus on ecological responsibility makes it an attractive option for those who prioritize living in a clean and sustainable manner.
Immigration and Integration: Navigating the Process
Immigration to Switzerland can be more challenging than to Canada. It often depends on your nationality and your ability to secure employment. EU/EFTA citizens have a relatively straightforward process. For non-EU/EFTA citizens, obtaining a work permit and residency can be complex and competitive, often requiring a job offer from a Swiss employer willing to sponsor your visa. Integration can also take time, as mentioned with the social culture. Learning one of the official languages (German, French, Italian, or Romansh) is highly recommended and often essential for deeper integration and career advancement.
The Vast Potential of Canada
Canada. A land of immense scale, unparalleled natural diversity, and a reputation for warmth and inclusivity. It’s a country that often comes to mind for its friendly people, vast wilderness, and relatively accessible path to immigration. When the conversation turns to, "Which is better to live, Switzerland or Canada?" Canada offers a different, yet equally compelling, vision of a high-quality life.
My experiences in Canada have been characterized by a sense of openness and a feeling of being part of a diverse tapestry. The sheer size of the country means a wide range of climates and environments, from the rugged coastlines of British Columbia to the vast prairies and the historic charm of the Maritimes. The spirit of welcoming newcomers is a cornerstone of Canadian identity.
Cost of Living: More Accessible, But Varying Wildly
Generally speaking, the cost of living in Canada is significantly lower than in Switzerland, though it varies dramatically by city. Major metropolitan areas like Vancouver and Toronto can be quite expensive, especially for housing. Rent for a one-bedroom apartment in Toronto or Vancouver can range from $1,800 to $2,800 USD per month. However, compared to Zurich or Geneva, these figures are often more manageable, and there are many other cities across Canada with much more affordable housing markets, such as Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, or Halifax.
Groceries, dining out, and transportation are also generally more affordable in Canada than in Switzerland. A meal at a mid-range restaurant might cost $25-$40 per person, and everyday groceries can be noticeably less expensive. The key in Canada is choosing your location wisely. While you might not command the same astronomical salaries as in Switzerland, your purchasing power for a comfortable lifestyle can be very high, especially outside the most expensive urban centers.
Work-Life Balance and Social Culture: Friendly and Inclusive
Canada is globally recognized for its friendly and welcoming populace. The multicultural mosaic of Canadian society makes it easier for newcomers to integrate and find a sense of belonging. There’s a more casual and approachable social atmosphere, and striking up conversations with strangers is commonplace. Canadians generally value a good work-life balance, with standard workweeks typically around 37.5 to 40 hours, and vacation time often starting at two weeks and increasing with tenure.
While the work culture can be demanding in certain industries, there’s a strong emphasis on mental health and employee well-being, which is increasingly becoming a priority for employers. The stereotype of Canadian politeness isn't entirely unfounded; it’s often a reflection of a society that values respect and consideration for others.
Healthcare System: Universal and Public
Canada operates a universal, publicly funded healthcare system, often referred to as Medicare. This means that essential medical services are free at the point of use for citizens and permanent residents. Funding comes from taxes, and while the system provides excellent care, wait times for certain specialist appointments and non-emergency procedures can be longer than in Switzerland. Dental and vision care are typically not covered by the public system and often require supplementary private insurance, which employers may offer or individuals can purchase.
The quality of care is generally high, with highly skilled medical professionals. However, the challenge can be accessing timely specialist care or certain elective procedures. For many, the absence of direct monthly premiums is a significant advantage, though they contribute through their taxes. This is a crucial differentiator when asking, "Which is better to live, Switzerland or Canada?"
Education System: Accessible and Diverse
Canada’s education system is robust and accessible. Public education from kindergarten to grade 12 is free for all residents. Canadian universities are highly regarded internationally, offering a wide range of programs and degrees. Tuition fees for international students are higher than for domestic students, but generally more affordable than in many other developed countries. The emphasis is on fostering critical thinking, creativity, and a well-rounded education.
Safety and Security: High Standards, Some Regional Variations
Canada is a very safe country with low crime rates, particularly compared to the United States. Major cities are generally safe, though like any large urban area, it’s wise to be aware of your surroundings, especially in certain neighborhoods. The country enjoys political stability and a peaceful society. While not quite reaching the near-zero crime rates of Switzerland, Canada offers a high level of safety and security for its residents.
Natural Beauty and Outdoor Activities: An Untamed Frontier
Canada’s natural beauty is legendary, defined by its vastness and variety. From the Rocky Mountains to the Great Lakes, the sprawling forests, the Arctic tundra, and the stunning coastlines, outdoor adventures abound. Hiking, camping, skiing, snowboarding, kayaking, and wildlife viewing are popular pastimes. The infrastructure for outdoor recreation is well-developed, though often more rugged and less manicured than in Switzerland. The sheer scale of Canada means that escaping into nature is often easier and more readily accessible for many.
Environmental Consciousness: Growing Commitment
Canada is increasingly prioritizing environmental sustainability. There are strong regulations regarding emissions, waste management, and conservation. While the country faces environmental challenges due to its large resource-based economy, there's a growing awareness and commitment to sustainable practices. Many cities have excellent public transportation systems and recycling programs.
Immigration and Integration: Welcoming and Streamlined
Canada is renowned for its open and welcoming immigration policies. It actively seeks skilled workers and individuals who can contribute to its economy and society through various programs like Express Entry. The process, while requiring documentation and planning, is generally considered more straightforward and accessible for a wider range of applicants compared to Switzerland. The multicultural nature of Canadian society also facilitates integration, making it easier for newcomers to feel at home and build a life.
Direct Comparisons: Switzerland vs. Canada on Key Metrics
To truly answer, "Which is better to live, Switzerland or Canada?" let's dive into a comparative analysis of the crucial aspects that define daily life and long-term prospects. This is where the nuance emerges, and where your personal priorities will dictate the better fit.
Economic Stability and Opportunity
Switzerland: Exhibits exceptional economic stability, low unemployment, and high GDP per capita. It's a global financial hub with strong industries in pharmaceuticals, luxury goods, and precision manufacturing. Salaries are among the highest in the world, but the cost of living is equally high, leading to a high savings potential but requiring significant income to maintain a comfortable lifestyle.
Canada: Offers a strong, diversified economy with significant natural resources, a growing tech sector, and robust financial services. Unemployment rates are generally low, and while salaries are not as high as in Switzerland, the lower cost of living in many areas provides a high purchasing power. Canada actively seeks skilled immigrants to fuel its economic growth.
Quality of Life and Well-being
Switzerland: Consistently ranks at the top globally for quality of life due to its safety, efficiency, excellent healthcare, clean environment, and strong work-life balance. The emphasis on order and predictability contributes to a very high standard of living, albeit at a high price point.
Canada: Also ranks highly for quality of life, lauded for its social inclusiveness, friendly populace, access to nature, and strong social safety nets. While it may not match Switzerland’s meticulous order, it offers a high degree of personal freedom, community engagement, and a generally relaxed pace of life.
Healthcare Access and Cost
Switzerland: Universal, mandatory private health insurance with excellent coverage, minimal wait times, and world-class facilities. High monthly premiums and out-of-pocket costs for some treatments. It is a fee-for-service model that is highly regulated.
Canada: Universal, publicly funded healthcare system (Medicare) providing essential services free at the point of use for residents. Funded through taxes. Wait times for specialists and non-emergency procedures can be longer. Dental and vision care often require supplementary private insurance.
Education Standards and Costs
Switzerland: Public education is free and of very high quality. Higher education is also excellent, with world-renowned institutions, though tuition fees can be substantial for international students.
Canada: Free public education from K-12. Highly reputable universities with competitive tuition fees for both domestic and international students, generally more affordable than many other developed nations.
Safety and Security
Switzerland: Extremely low crime rates, high political stability, and a profound sense of personal security. Consistently ranks as one of the safest countries worldwide.
Canada: Very safe with low crime rates. High levels of political stability and social order. Generally considered a secure country, though urban areas may experience localized crime.
Natural Environment and Recreation
Switzerland: Breathtaking alpine scenery, pristine lakes, and well-developed infrastructure for outdoor activities like skiing, hiking, and mountaineering. A more manicured and accessible natural environment.
Canada: Vast and diverse natural landscapes, including mountains, forests, coastlines, and prairies. Offers immense opportunities for outdoor adventure, often in more rugged and wild settings. Access to nature is generally more widespread.
Immigration and Integration
Switzerland: More restrictive immigration policies, particularly for non-EU/EFTA citizens, often requiring a job offer. Integration can take time due to cultural nuances.
Canada: Welcoming immigration policies with numerous pathways for skilled workers and families. Multicultural society facilitates integration and a sense of belonging for newcomers.
Who Should Choose Switzerland?
Switzerland might be your ideal destination if you:
- Prioritize unparalleled safety and order: If your peace of mind is heavily influenced by extremely low crime rates and a highly organized society, Switzerland excels.
- Seek world-class healthcare with minimal wait times: The Swiss healthcare system is a gold standard, offering exceptional care and quick access to specialists.
- Have a high earning potential in a specialized field: If your profession allows you to earn a salary that comfortably offsets the high cost of living, you can enjoy a very affluent lifestyle.
- Are an avid skier, hiker, or mountaineer: The Alpine landscape offers some of the most spectacular and accessible mountain adventures in the world.
- Appreciate meticulous efficiency and punctuality: The Swiss commitment to order and efficiency extends to public transport, services, and daily life.
- Value pristine environments and sustainability: Switzerland's dedication to environmental protection is evident everywhere.
Who Should Choose Canada?
Canada could be your perfect fit if you:
- Seek a more accessible cost of living: Especially if you plan to live outside the most expensive urban centers, Canada offers a more affordable lifestyle than Switzerland.
- Value a welcoming and multicultural society: Canada's inclusive atmosphere and diverse population make it easier for newcomers to integrate and feel at home.
- Prefer a universal, publicly funded healthcare system: If you're comfortable with the tax-funded model and potential wait times for certain services, Canada's Medicare is a significant benefit.
- Desire vast natural landscapes and a sense of wilderness: Canada offers immense, untamed beauty and a wealth of outdoor recreational opportunities.
- Are looking for more straightforward immigration pathways: Canada's open immigration policies are designed to attract skilled workers and families.
- Appreciate friendly and informal social interactions: The famously approachable nature of Canadians can make building connections easier.
Making Your Decision: A Personal Checklist
To help you concretely decide, "Which is better to live, Switzerland or Canada?" for *you*, consider this personalized checklist:
Phase 1: Self-Assessment and Prioritization
- Financial Reality:
- What is my current net worth and projected income?
- Can I realistically afford the high cost of living in Switzerland, or will Canada offer a more comfortable financial footing?
- Am I comfortable with the Swiss insurance model or the Canadian tax-funded model for healthcare?
- Career Goals:
- What are the job prospects in my field in each country?
- What are the salary expectations and career progression opportunities?
- Does my industry thrive more in the Swiss or Canadian economy?
- Lifestyle Preferences:
- Do I prefer a highly organized, orderly environment or a more relaxed, informal one?
- How important is immediate access to world-class healthcare versus a universal system with potential wait times?
- Am I drawn to the dramatic Alps or the vast, diverse landscapes of Canada?
- How much do I value public transportation efficiency versus the need for personal vehicle ownership?
- How important is proximity to other European countries (Switzerland) versus being part of the North American continent (Canada)?
- Social and Cultural Fit:
- Am I comfortable with a more reserved social culture (Switzerland) or do I prefer a demonstrably friendly and inclusive one (Canada)?
- How important is it for me to learn a new language (multiple options in Switzerland)?
- How important is a diverse, multicultural environment to my sense of belonging?
- Family Considerations (if applicable):
- What are the education systems like for children?
- What are the safety considerations for raising a family?
- What are the opportunities for children's development and extracurricular activities?
Phase 2: Research and Exploration
- Deep Dive into Specific Cities/Regions: Don't just research countries; research specific cities. Zurich vs. Toronto? Geneva vs. Vancouver? Or perhaps smaller, more affordable cities like Bern vs. Calgary?
- Visa and Immigration Requirements: Thoroughly understand the process for your nationality.
- Real Estate Market: Investigate rental and purchase prices in your target areas.
- Job Market Analysis: Look at job boards, industry reports, and salary aggregators.
- Cultural Nuances: Read blogs, watch documentaries, and connect with people from both countries.
Phase 3: Experiential Learning (If Possible)
- Visit Both Countries: If at all possible, spend significant time in both Switzerland and Canada, ideally in the regions you are considering.
- Network with Expats and Locals: Connect with people who have made the move or who live there.
- Try to Mimic Your Potential Lifestyle: For a week, try to live as you imagine you would in Switzerland or Canada (e.g., use public transport extensively, eat local foods, engage in local activities).
Frequently Asked Questions About Switzerland vs. Canada
Q1: Which country offers a better work-life balance: Switzerland or Canada?
Both Switzerland and Canada are generally known for promoting a good work-life balance, but the specifics differ. Switzerland often has a stronger emphasis on leisure time, with a culture that highly values time spent with family and pursuing hobbies. While work hours can be demanding, the standard vacation entitlement is generous, and punctuality in starting and ending the workday is common. The efficiency of public transport can also mean less time spent commuting, freeing up personal time.
Canada also emphasizes work-life balance, with typical workweeks around 40 hours and growing awareness of mental health and employee well-being. However, the perception of work-life balance can vary significantly by industry and region. For example, certain demanding sectors might require longer hours. The greater geographic expanse in Canada might also mean longer commutes for some, impacting personal time. Ultimately, while both countries offer good balance, Switzerland's cultural dedication to leisure might give it a slight edge for those who prioritize it above all else, assuming their income can support it.
Q2: Is it easier to immigrate to Switzerland or Canada?
Generally, it is considerably easier to immigrate to Canada than to Switzerland, especially for individuals from outside the European Union (EU) or the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Canada has actively cultivated a system designed to attract skilled immigrants through various economic programs, such as Express Entry, which uses a points-based system to select candidates. The country openly embraces immigration as a key driver of its economy and society.
Switzerland, while an attractive destination, has more stringent immigration policies, particularly for non-EU/EFTA citizens. Securing a work permit and residency often requires a specific job offer from a Swiss employer who must demonstrate that they could not find a suitable candidate within Switzerland or the EU/EFTA. This can make the process more competitive and time-consuming for many aspiring immigrants. Therefore, if ease of immigration is a primary concern, Canada typically presents a more accessible pathway.
Q3: Which country has better public healthcare: Switzerland or Canada?
Both Switzerland and Canada offer excellent healthcare, but they operate under fundamentally different models, and "better" depends on your priorities. Switzerland has a universal, mandatory health insurance system, which is privately administered but heavily regulated. This system provides world-class medical care with minimal wait times for appointments and procedures. The quality of facilities and technology is exceptional. However, this comes at a significant cost, with monthly premiums being quite high, though they cover a comprehensive range of services.
Canada’s healthcare system, Medicare, is universal and publicly funded through taxation. For residents, essential medical services are free at the point of use. This eliminates the burden of high monthly insurance premiums. However, a common criticism of the Canadian system is the longer wait times for specialist consultations and non-emergency surgeries. Dental and vision care are generally not covered by the public system and often require supplementary private insurance. So, if immediate access and top-tier facilities are paramount and you can afford it, Switzerland may be preferred. If you prioritize no direct monthly costs for essential medical care and are willing to manage potential wait times, Canada's system might be a better fit.
Q4: Which country is more affordable to live in: Switzerland or Canada?
Without a doubt, Canada is generally more affordable to live in than Switzerland. Switzerland is consistently ranked as one of the most expensive countries in the world. Housing, groceries, transportation, and everyday services are all significantly higher in price. While Swiss salaries are also among the highest globally, the cost of living can still be a major challenge for many, requiring very high incomes to achieve a comfortable lifestyle.
Canada's cost of living is more variable, with major cities like Vancouver and Toronto being quite expensive, particularly for housing. However, even in these cities, the overall cost of living is typically lower than in comparable Swiss cities. Furthermore, many other Canadian cities offer a significantly more affordable lifestyle, with lower housing prices and more accessible daily expenses. This greater affordability, combined with a good quality of life and strong job market, makes Canada a more economically accessible option for a wider range of people.
Q5: Which country has more stunning natural beauty?
This is a subjective question, as both Switzerland and Canada boast incredible natural beauty, but they offer different kinds of splendor. Switzerland is famed for its dramatic, majestic Alpine scenery. Think towering, snow-capped peaks, crystal-clear turquoise lakes, lush green valleys, and picturesque villages nestled in mountainous terrain. The beauty is often dramatic, accessible, and meticulously maintained, offering unparalleled opportunities for skiing, hiking, and mountaineering.
Canada, on the other hand, offers natural beauty on a grand, diverse, and often wilder scale. Its sheer size means a vast array of landscapes: the rugged peaks of the Rockies, the expansive forests of British Columbia, the vast prairie landscapes, the stunning coastlines of the Atlantic and Pacific, and the unique Arctic environment. Canada's beauty is characterized by its immense scale, its untamed wilderness, and its sheer diversity of ecosystems. For those who appreciate dramatic, accessible mountain vistas, Switzerland is hard to beat. For those who are drawn to immense, varied, and wild landscapes, Canada provides an unmatched experience.
Q6: How do the job markets compare in Switzerland and Canada?
Both Switzerland and Canada have strong and stable job markets, but they cater to different industries and skill sets. Switzerland's economy is highly developed and specialized, with particularly strong sectors in finance, pharmaceuticals, luxury goods, precision engineering, and watchmaking. Unemployment rates are consistently very low. Salaries in these fields are exceptionally high, reflecting the specialized nature of the work and the high cost of living. For highly skilled professionals in these niche industries, Switzerland offers excellent career opportunities and earning potential.
Canada has a more diversified economy, with significant contributions from natural resources, manufacturing, technology, healthcare, and finance. Its job market is also robust, with actively seeking skilled immigrants. While salaries may not reach the same peaks as in Switzerland, the combination of good salaries and a lower cost of living in many areas provides a strong purchasing power. Canada’s economy is also growing, particularly in sectors like technology and renewable energy, offering diverse career paths. The choice between the two often depends on your specific industry and career aspirations.
Final Thoughts on Which is Better to Live
The question of "Which is better to live, Switzerland or Canada?" is a deeply personal one, devoid of a universally correct answer. My journey through research and insights from those who have lived in both countries has solidified my belief that the "better" choice is entirely dependent on your individual priorities, financial situation, career aspirations, and desired lifestyle. Switzerland offers an unparalleled experience of order, efficiency, pristine natural beauty, and world-class services, all within a compact, European setting, but it demands a substantial financial investment. Canada, conversely, provides vastness, diversity, a famously welcoming culture, and a more accessible cost of living, offering a different, yet equally rich, tapestry of life.
If you are a high-earning professional seeking a meticulously ordered life with immediate access to top-tier healthcare and stunning, accessible alpine adventures, and the financial means to support it, Switzerland might be your utopia. If you are seeking a more affordable lifestyle, a culturally diverse and friendly environment, vast natural landscapes to explore, and a more straightforward path to immigration, Canada likely holds greater appeal. Ultimately, the decision requires honest self-reflection and thorough research. Both countries offer exceptional quality of life, but they achieve it through different means and cater to different dreams. The best country for you to live in is the one that aligns most harmoniously with the life you envision for yourself.